-
[hal-04725252] Use of FTIR to study secondary structure of texturized plant proteins by high moisture extrusion cooking, a comprehensive review
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Caroline Bondu) 08 Oct 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04725252v1
-
[hal-04735756] Use of FTIR to study secondary structure of texturized plant proteins by high moisture extrusion cooking, a comprehensive review
Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is often used by researchers to understand the texturization mechanisms of plant proteins. High Moisture Extrusion-Cooking (HMEC) is the main process used for their texturization by heating, mechanical shearing, and subsequent cooling of a high-moisture mixture, which causes denaturation and restructuration of proteins, resulting in an anisotropic product, commonly called “meat analog”. Researchers try to link the properties of extrudates to the secondary conformation of proteins, which are supposed to aggregate and align in the flow direction within the die. This review will attempt to show the reasons for studying the secondary structures of plant proteins in HMEC-textured products, and compare and discuss the different methods applied to prepare samples and analyze them by FTIR. A focus will be put on the different methods of spectra analysis (i.e., peak deconvolution, and reference tables used), for which a total of around 60 scientific papers have been carefully analyzed to illustrate the disparity of reference tables used in the literature. A discussion will summarize the various hypotheses currently found in the literature, and provided by FTIR to explain the texturization mechanisms of plant proteins through HMEC. Finally, advice such as comparing results with other amide bands and other analysis methods and following published procedures, are provided as an outlook for future improvements in FTIR data quality, processing and interpretation
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Caroline Bondu) 14 Oct 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04735756v1
-
[hal-04739781] Enhanced Yield of Methyl Ethyl Ketone through Levulinic Acid Decarboxylation in the AgNO3/K2S2O8 System: Mechanistic Insights and Characterization of Metallic Species
Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) is among the most extensively utilized solvents in various industrial applications. In this study, we present a highly efficient synthesis route for MEK via the decarboxylation of biomass-derived levulinic acid, using potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) as key reagents. The specific roles of AgNO3 and K2S2O8 were thoroughly investigated. Additional silver species, such as Ag2O and AgO, were also detected during the reaction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses provided evidence of the evolution of solid phases throughout the reaction. Based on these findings, we propose a radical decarboxylation mechanism initiated by the generation of sulfate radicals (SO4•⁻) through the catalytic breakdown of K2S2O8 by AgNO3. This mechanistic understanding, combined with a parametric study, enabled us to achieve an unprecedented level of levulinic acid conversion (97.9%) and MEK yield (86.6%) with this system, surpassing all previously reported results in the literature.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Nydia Guzmán Barrera) 16 Oct 2024
https://cnrs.hal.science/hal-04739781v1
-
[hal-04725248] Eco-Design of thermopressing through induction of 100% coriander-based fiberboards: optimization of molding conditions
The hot pressing process for 100% coriander-based fiberboards was optimized using an induction RocTool system, which offers rapid mold heating and cooling. The fiberboards were made using deoiled press cake as a protein binder and extrusion-refined straw as reinforcement. Doehlert’s experimental design was used to evaluate the influence of pressure (10–50 MPa), molding time (60–300 s), and mold temperature (155–205 °C) on fiberboard properties, energy consumption, cost, and environmental impact. The results showed that the RocTool device allows for better temperature control during shaping throughout the mold, resulting in mechanical properties that are both more homogeneous across the entire surface of the panel and, more importantly, substantially improved. Using the isoresponse curves, the optimal hot pressing conditions were 35 MPa, 300 s, and 205 °C, corresponding to a 40.6 MPa flexural strength. However, it was observed that to achieve an MDF-like fiberboard with minimal production costs, much less restrictive molding conditions were sufficient, i.e., 32.5 MPa, 170 s, and 160 °C. The study revealed that maximum thermopressing conditions emitted 3.87 kg of CO2 eq., while conditions leading to the MDF-like board reduced emissions to 1.45 kg CO2 eq., resulting in a more environmentally friendly material.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Priscila Guaygua-Amaguaña) 08 Oct 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04725248v1
-
[hal-04725954] High food potential seeds: physicochemical composition of cucurbit cultivars in Ivory Coast
The richness in protein and oil of curcubit seeds is highly coveted in the food field. In addition, in the cosmetics industry, it is a very popular ingredient. The oils of these seeds contain a diversity of fatty acids that can be advantageous during topical application. This study evaluated the physicochemical properties of the seeds and seed oils of five cucurbits (Cucumeropsis Mannii, Citrullus colocynthis, Cucumis Melo, Citrullus mucosospermus, and Citrullus lanatus) cultivars cultivated in Ivory Coast. Analysis of free fatty acid composition revealed a high linoleic acid content ranging from 24 and 70%. As well as the presence of α-linolenic acid (6.8 -8.6%) and γ-linolenic acid (7.3 -8.2%) in Citrullus colocynthis and Citrullus mucosospermus oils. The water and dry matter contents of the kernels vary between 3 and 4% and between 96 and 97%. The kernels of these cucurbits are rich in protein, with a high content of 25.9 ± 0.4% for Cucumeropsis Mannii, 29.0 ± 1.2% for Citrullus colocynthis, 24.1 ± 0.6% for Cucumis Melo, 24.8 ± 0.5% for Citrullus mucosospermus and 25.5 ± 0.4% for Citrullus lanatus. The quantity of lipids extracted by the Soxhlet method varied from 42 to 55%. These lipids have low acidity levels varying between 1.13 ± 0.1 to 2.01 ± 0.3% with densities of approximately 0.92 ± 0.01. The iodine values determined for these oils vary between 114.23 ± 0.2 to 122.15 ± 0.3. As for the saponification index, they are between (190 to 202 mgKOH/g).
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Nikiema Diakaridja) 08 Oct 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04725954v1
-
[hal-04725104] Development of GC–MS coupled to GC–FID method for the quantification of cannabis terpenes and terpenoids: Application to the analysis of five commercial varieties of medicinal cannabis
Cannabis terpenes and terpenoids are among the major classes of pharmacologically active secondary metabo- lites of therapeutic interest. Indeed, these hydrocarbon molecules, responsible for the characteristic aroma of cannabis flowers, are thought to be involved in a synergistic effect known as the “entourage effect”, together with cannabinoids. Numerous analytical studies have been carried out to characterize the terpene and terpenoid contents of some cannabis varieties, but they have not proposed any real quantification or have described a limited number of analytical standards or average response factors, which may have led to over- or underesti- mation of the real content of the cannabis flowers. Real and reliable quantification is necessary to justify the entourage effect. Here, we report a rigorous and precise GC–FID and GC–MS method for the identification and quantification of cannabis terpenes and terpenoids. This method is distinguished by the use of a high number of analytical standards, the determination of retention indices for all compounds studied, an exhaustive comparison of databases and scientific literature, the use of relevant response factors, and internal calibration for reliable results. It was applied to the study of terpenic compounds in five commercial varieties of medicinal cannabis produced by Bedrocan International: a CBD-rich (Bedrolite®), a THC/CBD balanced (Bediol®), and three THC- dominant (Bedrocan®, Bedica® and Bedrobinol®). Two extraction solvents are described (ethanol and hexane) to compare their selectivity towards target molecules, and to describe as exhaustively as possible the terpenic profile of the five pharmaceutical-grade varieties. Twenty-three standards were used for accurate dosages. This work highlights that the choice of solvent and the analysis method reliability are critical for the study of these terpenic compounds, regarding their contribution to the entourage effect.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Victor Pereira Francisco) 08 Oct 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04725104v1
-
[hal-04726002] Corrigendum to “Liver cancer antiproliferative activity of a new nor-cucurbitacin from Mareya micrantha Müll. Arg.” [Fitoterapia volume 166 (2023) p1-8/Article 105471]
The authors regret to have missed adding one author affiliation.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Gnaoré Yoh Toussaint-Douhoré) 08 Oct 2024
https://ut3-toulouseinp.hal.science/hal-04726002v1
-
[hal-04725128] Aqueous pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for binderless material production: influence of twin-screw extrusion configuration and liquid-to-solid ratio
This study was carried out to investigate the continuous aqueous pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) through twin-screw extrusion for a new integrated full valorization, where the solid residue (extrudate) was used for the production of bio-based materials by thermocompression and the filtrate for the production of high-value-added molecules. Two configurations, with and without a filtration module, were tested and the influence of the SCB composition and structure on the properties of the materials were determined. The impact of the liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio was studied (0.65–6.00) in relation to the material properties and the biomolecule extraction yield in the filtrate (with the filtration configuration). An L/S ratio of at least 1.25 was required to obtain a liquid filtrate, and increasing the L/S ratio to 2 increased the extraction yield to 11.5 g/kg of the inlet SCB. The extrudate obtained without filtration yielded materials with properties equivalent to those obtained with filtration for L/S ratios of at least 1.25. Since the molecule extraction process was limited, a configuration without filtration would make it possible to reduce water consumption in the process while obtaining high material properties. Under the filtration configuration, an L/S ratio of 2 was the best tradeoff between water consumption, extraction yield, and the material properties, which included 1485 kg/m3 density, 6.2 GPa flexural modulus, 51.2 MPa flexural strength, and a water absorption (WA) and thickness swelling (TS) of 37% and 44%, respectively, after 24 h of water immersion. The aqueous pretreatment by twin-screw extrusion allowed for the overall valorization of SCB, resulting in materials with significantly improved properties compared to those obtained with raw SCB due to fiber deconstruction.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Julie Cavailles) 08 Oct 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04725128v1
-
[hal-04705519] Overview of the establishment and uses of Ricinodendron heudelotii (Euphorbiaceae): focus on the central and southern regions of Ivory Coast
Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Pierre ex Heckel is a plant species present in the high-biodiversity areas of Central, West and East Africa. It has a considerable potential for development as a non-timber forest product (NTFP). The crushed seeds of this species have traditionally been used by local populations and those of certain large African cities as a spice or thickening agent for foods. In the face of strong and potentially growing demand, not only for nutritional purposes but also for new outlets, efforts are being made in Ivory Coast to domesticate this species with a view to increasing production. A number of actions are underway for the development of R. heudelotii : improvement of its availability; development of seed and kernel production; creation of markets for the seeds and their proteins and oil; development of industrial uses of this oil. This study carried out an inventory of R. heudelotii cultivation in Ivory Coast, and highlighted the levers available for promoting its integration into the economy of the country. The development of outlets for the kernels, oil and proteins of R. heudelotii , the improvement and control of product quality, and the modernization of seed crushing and oil extraction methods are essential conditions for increasing production and for the structuring and expansion of the market. This contributes to both the economic development of this crop and those involved in its cultivation — local communities, and women in particular — and the preservation of the environment through the development of an activity favoring regeneration and sustainable forest protection.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Diakaridja Nikiema) 23 Sep 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04705519v1
-
[hal-04649387] Delicate Analysis of Interacting Proteins and Their Assemblies by Flow Field-Flow Fractionation Techniques
We study the efficiency of several Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (AF4) techniques to investigate the self-associating wheat gluten proteins. We compare the use of a denaturing buffer including sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and a mild chaotropic solvent, water/ethanol, as eluent, on a model gluten sample. Through a thorough analysis of the data obtained from coupled light scattering detectors, and with the identification of molecular composition of the eluted protein, we evidence co-elution events in several conditions. We show that the focus step used in conventional AF4 with the SDS buffer leads to the formation of aggregates that co-elute with monomeric proteins. By contrast, a frit-inlet device enables the fractionation of individual wheat proteins in the SDS buffer. Interestingly conventional AF4, using water/ethanol as eluent, is an effective method for fractionating gluten proteins and their complex dynamic assemblies which involve weak forces and are composed of both monomeric and polymeric proteins.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Aurélien Urbes) 16 Jul 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04649387v1
-
[hal-04579727] Air quality, metal(loid) sources identification and environmental assessment using (bio)monitoring in the former mining district of Salsigne (Orbiel valley, France)
The former mining district of Salsigne is situated in the Orbiel valley. Until the 20th century, it was the first gold mine in Europe and the first arsenic mine in the world. Rehabilitation has been performed during the 20 years that followed closure of the mines and factories, which led to the accumulation of storage of several million tons of waste in this valley. Nevertheless, a detailed description of the air quality of this area is still missing. The goal of the present study is to evaluate atmospheric contamination in the valley and identify the potential sources of this contamination. Active monitors (particulate matter samplers) and passive bioindicators (Tillandsia usneoides) were placed in strategic sites including remote areas. Over the year 2022, we assessed the air quality using microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, as well as environmental risk indicators to report the level of contamination. Results indicate that the overall air quality in the valley is good with PM10 levels in accordance with EU standards. Elemental concentrations in the exposed plants were lower than reported in the literature. Among the different sites studied, Nartau and La Combe du Saut, corresponding to waste storage and former mining industry sites, were the most affected. Chronic exposure over 1 year was highlighted for Fe, Ni, Cu, Pb, Sb and As. Pollution Load Index and Enrichment Factors, which provided valuable information to assess the environmental condition of the valley’s air, suggested that dust and resuspension of anthropogenic materials were the principle sources for most of the elements. Finally, this study also highlights that using T. usneoides could be a convenient approach for biomonitoring of metal(loid)-rich particles in the atmosphere within a former mining area, for at least one year. These results in turn allow to better understand the effects of chronic exposure on the ecosystem.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Aude Calas) 18 May 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04579727v1
-
[hal-04710358] Pilot scale production of dietary fibers from Tunisian tomato and red pepper by-products
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marwa Cheikh Rouhou) 26 Sep 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04710358v1
-
[hal-04725095] Assessment of physio-morphological traits, genetic variability, and growth performance among amaranth (Amaranthus species) genotypes from Ethiopia
Amaranths are a type of plant that belongs to the NAD-malic enzyme-type C4 metabolism category. They have a unique C4 anatomy, which is present in their bracts, cotyledons, and leaves. This allows them to produce food through the C4 photosynthetic pathway and rapidly adapt to unfavorable environmental conditions. In this study, 120 amaranth genotypes were evaluated for physio-morphological traits, genetic variability, and growth performance assessment from Ethiopia. The results of the analysis of variance showed that all examined physio- morphological parameters, except the rate of photosynthesis and stomata conductance, had mean squares that varied considerably (P < 0.001) owing to genotypes. The estimates of genetic variability, heritability, and ex- pected genetic advance indicated an incredible extent of genetic diversity among amaranth genotypes, with a significant selection pressure for these traits in the population to produce better genotypes for improved amaranth. Selection based on desirable features such as leaf-to-air vapor pressure deficit, transpiration rate, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, leaf area, plant height, leaf number, and root weight can be useful in achieving the intended genetic gains for improvement since these traits appear to be more controlled by additive gene activity. Thus, selection in amaranth genotypes may consider these desired yield- related features. Moreover, the study showed that certain genotypes (ALE-073) exhibited better intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), leaf-to-air vapor pressure deficit (VPD), transpiration rate (E), and leaf number (LN), resulting in better grain yield. Understanding the relationship between LA and E can help in selecting crops for high E and may provide an avenue to improve leaf yield. Furthermore, some of the selected genotypes in this study could be used as potential parents for improving the genetic gain in amaranth breeding programs. The study concluded that there was additive gene action present since the Ch a, Ch b, TCh, and Tca markers exhibited 100 % heritability. This showed that the use of these characteristics for selection, which indicated a potentially exploitable variation, would be more effective and successful in the long run in breeding programs than the use of other traits for splitting generations.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Mekonnen Yeshitila) 08 Oct 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04725095v1
-
[hal-04554500] Entrainer selection using the Infinitely Sharp Split method and thermodynamic criteria for separating binary minimum-boiling azeotrope by extractive distillation
Entrainer selection for extractive distillation remains a challenge because established criteria are based on thermodynamic properties at entrainer infinite dilution, primarily developed for an extractive column. However, a cost-effective extractive distillation continuous process uses two connected - extractive and entrainer regeneration - distillation columns. Using only the ternary mixture A-B-E vapor-liquid equilibrium data, the Infinitely Sharp Split (ISS) method is combined with the driving force concept as a new thermodynamic criterion, to compare the performance of entrainers for extractive distillation process. The ISS method allows fast computation of the minimum value of both the entrainer flowrate and the reflux ratio for the extractive distillation column, while the driving force concept is related to the regeneration column design. The methodology is applied to the separation of the minimum-boiling azeotrope methanol – dimethyl carbonate with a list of five high boiling entrainers, giving methanol as distillation product of the extractive distillation column. The entrainer ranking proposed by the combined criterion agrees with optimization results of the two-column extractive distillation process. The best candidate, methyl salicylate, having the lowest minimum entrainer flow rate and reflux ratio, provides also the most cost-effective extractive distillation process.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Ivonne Rodriguez-Donis) 22 Apr 2024
https://ut3-toulouseinp.hal.science/hal-04554500v1
-
[hal-04677951] Lignin-rich extracts as slow-release coating for phosphorus fertilizers
Lignin (L) is the most abundant three-dimensional polymer with versatile yet attractive structural features and chemical properties for applicability as a coating. The properties of lignin are mainly related to its botanical origin, structure and extraction method. Although there has been a lot of interest in using lignin in fertilizing systems, only limited attempts have been dedicated to studying the effect of the lignin structure and origin on the release of P fertilizer. Thus, the aim of this work was to study the effect of lignin polymers, extracted from different plant biomass, as coating materials for P fertilizers. Thus, the effect of the structural features originating from the botanical origin on the properties of coated fertilizers and their slow release were established. To this end, three lignocellulosic biomass, namely olive pomace (OP), barley straw (BS) and wood shavings (WS) were used as feedstock to extract lignin polymers. Those chemical compositions and thermochemical properties were characterized prior to their application as coating for triple super phosphate (TSP) fertilizer. Coated fertilizers were characterized for their morphology and coating thickness prior to their evaluation as slow release P-based fertilizer. A distinct slow P release behavior was reported for lignin-coated fertilizers with TSP@L-OP being the slowest as compared to TSP@L-WS, TSP@L-BS as well as pristine TSP, which confirm that the botanical origin and most likely the chemical structures of lignin has significant impact on the properties of the coating materiel. A 100 % release of P from the uncoated TSP was observed after 3 days, while the released amount ranged from only 16.9 % for TSP@L-OP up to 33.4 % for TSP@L-BS. The impact of these coated fertilizers on nutrients uptake and wheat growth was also scrutinized and an noticeable improvement of wheat shoot biomass was observed with the coated TSP treatments reaching up 57.8 % for TSP@BS, 78.1 % for TSP @WS and 93.7 % for TSP @OP, compared to uncoated TSP. This was concomitant to a slight increase of P concentration in shoots, roots and rhizosphere soil, which confirmed the positive effect of slow release P fertilizers on plant growth.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Saloua Fertahi) 26 Aug 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04677951v1
-
[hal-04725099] Impact of the environmental parameters on single cell protein production and composition by Cupriavidus necator
Due to the rapid increase in the world’s population, many developing countries are facing malnutrition problems, including famine and food insecurity. Particularly, the deficiency of protein sources becomes a serious problem for human and animal nutrition. In this context, Single Cell Proteins, could be exploited as an alternative source of unconventional proteins. The aim of the study was to investigate SCP production and composition by Cupriavidus necator under various environmental conditions, temperature and pH values. A mono-factorial approach was implemented using batch bioreactor cultures under well-controlled conditions. Results were compared in terms of bacterial growth and SCP composition (proteins, nucleic acids, amino acids and elemental formula). Complementary analyses were performed by flow cytometry to study cell morphology, membrane permeability and the presence of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) production. Our data confirmed the ability of C. necator to produce high amount of proteins (69 %DW at 30 ◦C and pH7). The results showed that temperature and pH independently impact SCP production and composition. This impact was particularly observed at the highest temperature (40 ◦C) and also the lowest pH value (pH5) providing lower growth rates, cell elongation, changes in granularity and lower amounts of proteins (down to 44 %DW at pH5) and nucleic acids. These low percentages were related to the production of PHB production (up to 44 %DW at 40 ◦ C) which is the first report of a PHB accumulation in C. necator under nutrient unlimited conditions.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Siwar Ismail) 08 Oct 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04725099v1
-
[hal-04705454] Influence of thermocompression conditions on the properties and chemical composition of bio-based materials derived from lignocellulosic biomass
The aim of this study was to assess the influence of thermocompression conditions on lignocellulosic biomasses such as sugarcane bagasse (SCB) in the production of 100% binderless bio-based materials. Five parameters were investigated: pressure applied (7–102 MPa), molding temperature (60–240 °C), molding time (5–30 min), fiber/fine-particle ratio (0/100–100/0) and moisture content (0–20%). These parameters affected the properties and chemical composition of the materials. The density ranged from 1198 to 1507 kg/m3, the flexural modulus from 0.9 to 6.9 GPa and the flexural strength at breaking point from 6.1 to 43.6 MPa. Water absorption (WA) and thickness swelling (TS) values ranged from 21% to 240% and from 9% to 208%, respectively. Higher mechanical properties were obtained using SCB with fine particles, low moisture content (4–10%) and high temperature (≥200 °C) and pressure (≥68 MPa), while water resistance was improved using more severe thermocompression conditions with the highest temperature (240 °C) and time (30 min) or a higher moisture content (≥12.5%). Correlations were noted between the mechanical properties and density, and the material obtained with only fine particles had the highest mechanical properties and density. Material obtained with a 30 min molding time had the lowest WA and TS due to internal chemical reorganization followed by hemicellulose hydrolysis into water-soluble extractables.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Julie Cavailles) 23 Sep 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04705454v1
-
[hal-04705422] Insulation blocks made from sunflower pith with improved durability properties
<div><p>This paper deals with the development of bio-based thermal insulation panels from sunflower pith particles, which are an agricultural by-product, in the view to compete with the current petroleum-based counterparts. Sunflower pith is glued to a native starch, then moulded and dried. Three different starchy binders were tested: potato starch, wheat starch and pea starch. The results showed that the pea starch blocks were more resistant to water than the others. Formula optimisation showed that the right balance between efficiency and savings was achieved with a 7.5% (w/w) binder dilution in water, and a 10% (w/w) binder in the block. To further protect the bio-based material from liquid water and ensure its natural breathing, a waterproof coating was also investigated by selecting an alcoholic pine resin solution at 100 g/L and a bio-based commercial aqueous solution at 170 g/L, which did not adversely affect the water vapour diffusion properties of the pith blocks. The pith block now has very good thermal, mechanical and waterproof properties, close to those of a commercial expanded polystyrene panel.</p></div>
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (V. Novi) 23 Sep 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04705422v1
-
[hal-04705445] Monitoring lipid oxidation in multiple emulsions by near infrared spectroscopy
Lipid oxidation has an impact on the quality and properties of fat‐containing products that are commonly produced by cosmetics or coatings industries. In this study, a water‐in‐oil‐in‐water emulsion (48% w/w of pre‐polymerized linseed oil stabilized with alkylpolyglucoside) was subjected to oxidation under accelerated aging conditions at 50°C over 15 days. After fat extraction from emulsion, peroxide, and p ‐anisidine values were measured using standardized methods. The application of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in conjunction with chemometrics was investigated to assess the quality parameters of emulsions under accelerated aging within closed flasks. Significant variations were observed across the following spectral regions: 7541–5948, 5739–3657, and 3645–3637 cm −1 . Partial least squares regression discriminant analysis, possibly combined with multiplicative scattering correction preprocessing, proved to be a powerful method to classify the emulsions according to two oxidation levels defined by periods A and B. The performances of the prediction model were characterized by a precision of 85%, a predictive value of period A of 98%, a sensitivity of 99%, a specificity of 81%, and an accuracy of 90%. Thus, we demonstrate that NIRS is a suitable analytical method to discriminate emulsions according to their aging behavior. Practical Applications : The PLS‐DA method coupled to near infrared spectroscopy analyses is adapted to assess the chemical degradations of vegetable oil–based emulsions due to lipid oxidation. This tool is interesting for at‐line or off‐line monitoring of emulsions during their storage. As it is a fast and nondestructive method, the quality control of a formulation stored in a closed glass container is facilitated. This method could also be used to determine the effectiveness of an antioxidant or a drier in emulsions, respectively, prepared for cosmetics and coatings.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Laetitia Boisset) 23 Sep 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04705445v1
-
[hal-04696579] Nondestructive quantification of isoflavones in cotyledons by near-infrared spectroscopy and potential and limits for sustainable soybean breeding
The isoflavones in the cotyledon of soybean seeds mimic human estrogen in structure, conferring them complex effects on health. Their regulation represents a major challenge for the sustainable breeding of new varieties with lower levels of potential endocrine disruptors. To develop a rapid, nondestructive, and eco-friendly analysis method, this study explores how sample grinding affects the results of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and the preprocessing methods. The prediction of the daidzein and genistein content would help the specific reduction in isoflavones in the cotyledon without harming seed development. The potential of a nonlinear approach (artificial neural network) is also compared with the more conventional partial least squares (PLS) regression. The isoflavone content of cotyledons from 529 soybean samples (65 genotypes) was quantified by HPLC, and the NIR spectra of these samples were collected using a Brucker multi-purpose analyzer. The spectra of whole and ground cotyledons were also collected for 155 samples. The results show that grain fragmentation improves the model calibration, although spectral preprocessing can harmonize this effect. Although the best PLS regression in cross-validation did not suffice to quantify the daidzein and genistein percentages, the artificial neural network (ANN) approach allowed us to develop much more reliable models than PLS. The performance of ANNs in external validation is remarkable in terms of both precision and applicability (R 2 = 0.89 and a ratio of prediction to deviation of 2.92), making ANNs suitable in the breeding context for screening soybean grains regarding their isoflavone content.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean Brustel) 13 Sep 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04696579v1
-
[hal-04697450] Morpho-anatomical modulation of seminal roots in response to water deficit in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum)
The productivity of durum wheat in Mediterranean regions is greatly reduced by water deficits that vary in intensity and time of occurrence. The development of more tolerant cultivars is the main solution for fighting these stresses, but this requires prior study of their mechanisms. The involvement of the root system in drought avoidance is of major importance. It is in this context that the present work attempts to establish the impact of morpho-anatomical remodeling of seminal roots on dehydration avoidance at the javelina stage in five durum wheat genotypes grown under three water regimes, 100%, 60% and 30% of field capacity (FC). In the last two treatments, which were applied by stopping irrigation, moisture was concentrated mainly in the depths of the substrate cylinders and was accompanied by greater root elongation compared with the control. The elongation reached rates of 20 and 22% in the ACSAD 1231 genotype and 12 and 13% in the Waha genotype, in the 60% FC and 30% FC treatments respectively. The seminal roots anatomy was also modified by water deficit in all genotypes but to different degrees. The diameter of vessels in the late metaxylem vessels was reduced, reaching 17.3 and 48.2% in the Waha genotype in the 60% FC and 30% FC treatments, respectively. The water deficit also increased the number of vessels in the early metaxylem, while reducing the diameter of its conducting vessels. ACSAD 1361 and Langlois genotypes stood out with the highest rates of diameter reduction. The morpho-anatomical transformations of the roots contributed effectively to the plants’ absorption of water and, consequently, to the maintenance of a fairly high relative water content, approaching 80%.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Oum Cheikh Felouah) 13 Sep 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04697450v1
-
[hal-04571314] Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) as Safety Indicators in the Development of Wood-Based Binderless Boards
Wood-based panels are ubiquitous in our daily lives, both as building materials and as furnishing materials. Numerous studies have revealed that these materials emit volatile organic compounds, such as formaldehyde, into indoor air, which can be harmful to human health. These volatile organic compounds come both from the wood itself, more specifically cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, and from the resins used to bind the wood fibers or particles together. Today, new panels bonded with bio-based adhesives and binderless panels are emerging. The aim of this article is to highlight the importance of measuring VOC emissions from binderless wood-based panels, and more specifically, to identify the VOCs, originating from the wood and thermal transformation processes, likely to be emitted during the production of such panels, as well as how to sample them and measure their emissions. This work provides a useful approach to identifying and quantifying VOC emissions from these new materials. These methodologies should be applied more widely to gain knowledge about VOCs, which are relevant indicators for the development of environmentally friendly materials.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Elise Bertheau) 07 May 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04571314v1
-
[hal-04490301] Integrating wet stirred-bead milling for Tetraselmis suecica biorefinery: Operating parameters influence and specific energy efficiency
Stirred bead milling proved to be an efficient cell destruction technique in a biorefinery unit for the extraction of over 95 % of proteins and 60 % of carbohydrates from the green marine microalga Tetraselmis suecica. Optimum conditions, expressed in terms of metabolite yield and energy consumption, were found for average values of bead size and agitator rotation speed. The higher the microalgae concentration, up to 100 g.L−1, which is adequate for biofilm algae growth in an industrial unit, the more efficient the cell destruction process. Cell destruction rates and metabolite extraction yields are similar in pendular and recycling modes, but the pendular configuration reduces the residence time of the suspension in the grinding chamber, which is less costly. With regard to the cell destruction mechanism, it was concluded that bead shocks first damage cells by permeabilizing them, and that after a longer period, all cells are shredded and destroyed, forming elongated debris.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pauline Delran) 05 Mar 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04490301v1
-
[hal-04571151] Classification of Popcorn (Zea mays var. everta) Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Assess Zearalenon Risk Mitigation Strategies
This study delves into the detection of the mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA) in popcorn, aligning with the broader goal of ensuring food safety and security. Employing fast, non-destructive near-infrared spectroscopy, the research analyzes 88 samples collected in France. In order to emphasize the dedication to robust methodologies, an essential element of sustainable practices, the assessment of various validation methods becomes significant. Six CART classification tree models, with a threshold of 68 µg/kg, are meticulously assessed. The study not only scrutinizes various validation strategies but also explores the concrete impact of the detection process, emphasizing sustainable practices. Model F (Kennard and Stone) is chosen for its commendable ability to generalize and its balanced performance, boasting 91% precision and 57% recall. Notably, this model excels in specificity, minimizing false positives and contributing to food safety. The identification of key wavelengths, such as 1007 nm, 1025 nm, and 1031 nm, highlights the potential for targeted interventions in crop management. In conclusion, this research showcases near-infrared spectroscopy as a sustainable approach to fortifying the food safety of popcorn, paving the way for advancements in ZEA risk detection and prevention, while minimizing environmental impact.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Schambri) 07 May 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04571151v1
-
[hal-04415014] Extraction of C-PC from Arthrospira platensis: use of ultrasounds, organic solvents and deep eutectic solvents
Different methods were used to extract C-phycocyanin from Arthrospira platensis, alone or in synergy (freezing, incubation, ultrasounds, deep eutectic solvents). Freezing or Freeze-drying spirulina allows a highly facilitated rupture of the cell membranes. Incubation in water allows then a quick release of C-PC and other phycobiliproteins at 45 degrees C (2 h) while it takes less than 8 h at 35 degrees C and 25-30 h at ambient temperature. In addition to microscopic observation, the evolution of solutes concentration with incubation time confirms that hydrosoluble pigments are first preferentially released relatively to chlorophyll which requires deeper collapse of the spirulina cells. Use of ultrasounds allows an extraction of the spirulina content in 15 min of treatment with a high C-PC extraction yield (> 200 mg/g) and good protein purity (around 0.7). Ethyl acetate, ethanol and a mixture of these solvents give good extraction yields of chlorophyll (around 21 mg/g). C-PC extraction yield is yet then decreased due to a denaturation of the hydrated pigment. Fructose can be used to prevent denaturation by both organic solvent and freezing/freeze-drying. The use of deep-eutectic solvents is not recommended here as no better yield or selectivity are achieved compared to extraction in buffered water.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (J.-F. Fabre) 24 Jan 2024
https://ut3-toulouseinp.hal.science/hal-04415014v1
-
[hal-04571128] Development of a Binderless Particleboard from Brown Seaweed Sargassum spp.
Since 2010, huge quantities of Sargassum spp. algae have been proliferating in the Atlantic Ocean and stranding on Caribbean beaches, causing major economic, environmental, and health problems. In this study, an innovative high-density binderless particleboard was developed using uniaxial thermo-compression coupled with a cooling system. The raw material consisted of ground Sargassum seaweeds pre-treated by twin-screw extrusion with water to remove sea salt. The raw material and the particleboards were produced by using various analytical techniques such as Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), or Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The experimental conditions for thermo-compression (temperature, pressure, time) were evaluated. The best thermo-compression conditions tested were 200 °C, 40 MPa pressure for 7.5 min. This resulted in a particleboard with high density (up to 1.63 ± 0.02 g/cm3) and high flexural strength/modulus (up to 32.3 ± 1.8 MPa/6.8 ± 0.2 GPa, respectively), but a low water contact angle of 38.9° ± 3.5°. Thermal analyses revealed the effect of alginates on the mechanical properties of particleboards. This work opens the door to a new way of adding value to Sargassum seaweed, using the whole algae with minimal pre-treatment.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jérôme Bauta) 07 May 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04571128v1
-
[hal-04705536] Non-destructive analysis using near-infrared spectroscopy to predict albumin, globulin, glutelin, and total protein content in sunflower seeds
This pilot study explores the potential of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for predicting sunflower seed protein content, focusing on both crushed and husked samples to address agricultural sustainability concerns. Sunflower seeds are renowned for their richness in both oil and protein content. The important role of sunflower seeds in the food and feed industries underscores the importance of using precise analytical tools to determine their composition. In essence, the nature of the hull of sunflower seeds, which skews the interaction between the seed and light, necessitates a sophisticated analysis. This study analyzes 326 samples using a near-infrared spectrometer to develop robust partial least squares (PLS) models. High accuracy is achieved in predicting total protein for crushed samples (r²c = 0.97, RMSEC 0.54%, RPDc 6; r²p = 0.78, RMSEP 1.24%, RPDp 2.1). Extending the scope to husked samples, promising results emerge for crude protein prediction (r²c = 0.93, RMSEC 0.86%, RPDc 3.9; r²cv = 0.83, RMSECV 1.39%, RPDcv 2.4). Additionally, this study delves into protein fractions (globulin, albumin, and glutelin) in crushed seeds, adding depth to the analysis. In conclusion, NIR spectroscopy proves valuable for rapid prescreening in breeding, especially when working with hulled grains, offering non-destructive efficiency and predictive accuracy in agricultural analysis. The novel exploration of protein fractions in sunflower seeds further enhances this study’s importance, providing a valuable contribution to the field and underscoring the practical applications of NIR spectroscopy in sustainable agriculture. In conclusion, the opacity of sunflower seed hulls poses challenges in infrared spectroscopy, limiting light penetration and accuracy. Dehulled seeds are preferred for reliable results, overcoming hull-related limitations. Although grinding provides the advantages of uniformity and reproducibility for near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, the preference for dehulled grains persists. The practical need for accurate analysis in agriculture and breeding drives the choice of spectroscopy on dehulled seeds, allowing for replanting.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Cecile Levasseur-Garcia) 23 Sep 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04705536v1
-
[hal-04710367] Global chemical characterization of sargassum spp. seaweeds from different locations on caribbean islands: a screening of organic compounds and heavy metals contents
Large-scale strandings of Sargassum spp. seaweeds occur annually on the beaches of the Caribbean islands and cause major environmental, health, and economic problems. In order to support an approach of valorisation of algae, an exhaustive characterisation of the composition of these seaweeds has been performed by analysing the contents in alginates, structural carbohydrates (fucans and glucans), minerals, proteins, lipids, mannitol, polyphenols, and heavy metals. Nine batches were collected at different harvesting sites over the years 2021 and 2022, to estimate the spatial and temporal variation in Sargassum composition. A batch of floats was harvested and analysed to estimate the differences in composition between floats and whole algae. Samples collected during the same year (floats or entire plant, freshly collected or stored) showed no significant differences in composition. However, slight differences were observed between batches collected in the two years. Some samples showed significant amounts of heavy metals, especially arsenic. A detailed structural carbohydrates analysis was carried out and discussed with literature data. As the nitrogen content of algae is an interesting parameter for food or agronomic uses, protein analysis enabled us to calculate a new nitrogen–protein conversion factor, specific to these algae species.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jérôme Bauta) 08 Oct 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04710367v1
-
[hal-04705483] Concentration and desalting of Tetraselmis suecica crude extract by ultrafiltration
Downstream processing, encompassing molecule extraction and extract purification, is a critical step in microalgal biorefinery. This study focuses on the concentration and desalting of Tetraselmis suecica crude extract, which contains proteins, neutral carbohydrates, uronic acids, and pigments. The biomass was initially disrupted with a high-pressure homogenizer operating in moderate conditions (P = 300 bars and 2 passes). The liquid extract obtained was then desalted and concentrated by stirred-cell ultrafiltration. Two membranes, both made of polyethersulfone (PES) but with different molecular weight cut-offs (10 kDa and 30 kDa), were tested for this purpose. The filtration process lasted 3.15 ± 0.34 h, with the temperature maintained at 28 ± 3ºC. There was, therefore, a compelling need to reduce the ash content to facilitate valorization of the extracted proteins. Both membranes displayed time-dependent decreases in permeate flux, membrane permeability, and shear rate. The protein concentration of the permeate increased steadily over time, whereas the concentrations of ash and uronic acids remained constant during ultrafiltration. These results demonstrated the efficacy of both membranes for desalting the extract. After disruption, the ash content in the extract was initially high, at 35.5 ± 0.8% dry weight (DW), decreasing protein purity to 26.1 ± 0.3% DW. The 10 kDa membrane displayed superior molecule retention, resulting in an increase of protein concentration to 50 g.L -1 in the final retentate. The 10 kDa membrane eliminated 79.5 ± 0.5% of salts from the extract, potentially achieving the complete retention of proteins, pigments, and uronic acids; approximately 21.4 ± 3.6% of total carbohydrates were removed by this membrane
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hussein Rida) 23 Sep 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04705483v1
-
[hal-04710322] Aqueous pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for binderless material production: influence of twin-screw extrusion configuration and liquid-to-solid ratio
This study was carried out to investigate the continuous aqueous pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) through twin-screw extrusion for a new integrated full valorization, where the solid residue (extrudate) was used for the production of bio-based materials by thermocompression and the filtrate for the production of high-value-added molecules. Two configurations, with and without a filtration module, were tested and the influence of the SCB composition and structure on the properties of the materials were determined. The impact of the liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio was studied (0.65–6.00) in relation to the material properties and the biomolecule extraction yield in the filtrate (with the filtration configuration). An L/S ratio of at least 1.25 was required to obtain a liquid filtrate, and increasing the L/S ratio to 2 increased the extraction yield to 11.5 g/kg of the inlet SCB. The extrudate obtained without filtration yielded materials with properties equivalent to those obtained with filtration for L/S ratios of at least 1.25. Since the molecule extraction process was limited, a configuration without filtration would make it possible to reduce water consumption in the process while obtaining high material properties. Under the filtration configuration, an L/S ratio of 2 was the best tradeoff between water consumption, extraction yield, and the material properties, which included 1485 kg/m3 density, 6.2 GPa flexural modulus, 51.2 MPa flexural strength, and a water absorption (WA) and thickness swelling (TS) of 37% and 44%, respectively, after 24 h of water immersion. The aqueous pretreatment by twin-screw extrusion allowed for the overall valorization of SCB, resulting in materials with significantly improved properties compared to those obtained with raw SCB due to fiber deconstruction.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Julie Cavailles) 08 Oct 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04710322v1
-
[hal-04571083] Oil body extraction from oleo-proteaginous seeds and conservation of valuable native compounds
Oil bodies, also called oleosomes have been the object of an increased interest since the last decade. Different processes of extraction and purification involve an aqueous crushing with methods to soften the cell membranes. An integrated process was used on different oilseeds to compare the different oil-body dispersions obtained. Once extracted with an aqueous crushing, oil bodies are dispersed in a creamy phase containing also an important protein content. Their stability depends on membranous proteins but also surrounding, extraneous ones. To eliminate these non-membranous proteins, the emulsion can be washed with different compounds allowing a good protein solubilization. If the fatty acid, phytosterol, tocopherol contents and distribution are compared between seeds and dispersions of oil bodies, there appears to be little significant change. These valuable compounds are hence preserved in the oil bodies. However, aqueous crushing releases phospholipase partly explaining the lower phospholipid content and the higher relative concentration of phosphatidic acid. To preserve these emulsions, it is possible to dry them either through freeze-drying or spray-drying. Spray-drying allows a better recovery of the physical structure of the emulsion after rehydration but cryo-protectants as Tris or Glycerol can limit emulsion degradation provoked by hard mechanical constraints of a freeze-drying process.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-François Fabre) 07 May 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04571083v1
-
[hal-04571173] Bio-based materials from sunflower co-products, a way to generate economical value with low environmental footprint
Sunflower co-products ( i.e. , stalks and heads) were recently used to create a value chain of sunflower biomass. On the one hand, bioactive ingredients extracted through twin-screw extrusion can be valorized as ecologically friendly agricultural products. On the other hand, in this study, the remaining solid, i.e. , the extrudate, was used for obtaining bio-based materials, generating economical value with low environmental footprint. It is processable into cohesive boards through hot pressing. According to NF EN 312, optimal board (37 MPa flexural strength, and 33% thickness swelling) containing 9.1% (w/w) sunflower proteins as binder can be used as a type P2 board, i.e. , for interior fittings (including furniture) in dry environments. For P3 and P4 types, a thickness swelling lower than 20% and 21%, respectively, will be required. The extrudate can be also separated into long fibers and fines. Long fibers can be compression molded into low-density insulation blocks (49 mW/m K thermal conductivity). Fines can be used as a filler for reinforcing (bio)plastics, e.g. , polypropylene and poly (lactic acid). These bio composites could be injected into pots or tutors for plants, or even extruded into window openings or exterior decking.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Philippe Evon) 07 May 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04571173v1
-
[hal-04156141] First hydrological study on the seasonal occurrence of glyphosate, glufosinate, and their metabolites in the Red River system, North Vietnam
We report the spatial and seasonal distribution of organophosphorus herbicides, namely glyphosate (GLYP), glufosinate (GLUF), and their respective metabolites aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA) and 3-(methylphosphinico)-propionic acid (MPPA), in the Red River system (North Vietnam), a major water body in Southeast Asia. The four compounds were measured at 34 sampling stations located from upstream to the estuary during the dry (March) and wet (July) seasons in 2019. Large seasonal variations in herbicide concentrations were measured for the four analytes from upstream to the estuary, with the highest range of variations observed during the wet season. In the surface waters of the Red River, the maximum concentrations of GLUF (234 ng L–1), GLYP (565 ng L–1) and its metabolite AMPA (1329 ng L–1), occurred in the wet season. These values however, are lower than reported in other rivers worldwide. In contrast, the estimated fluxes of these compounds in the Red River water basin were very high during the wet season, i.e., up to 121, 50.2, 284, and 186 kg d–1 for GLYP, GLUF, AMPA, and MPPA, respectively. During both seasons, we observed correlations between the four compounds and ammonium (NH4+), suggesting that both nitrogen containing fertilizers and herbicides were applied in areas close to the river shore. The concentrations and fluxes of the herbicides GLYP, GLUF, and their metabolites determined in the Red River were compared to those recorded in other world river systems, such as the Garonne River (France), thus highlighting the importance of monitoring these compounds in surface waters.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Cam Tu Vu) 07 Jul 2023
https://hal.science/hal-04156141v1
-
[hal-04295501] Melt Processing of Unrefined Horn Keratin
The hierarchical structure of keratin makes it challenging to process without chemical modification. In this work, we show that using uniaxial thermocompression of unrefined horn powder, it is possible to “mold” the keratin macromolecules and process it like a convenience polymer, by maintaining a certain moisture content and applying high pressure. The processing window was delimited by the denaturation and thermal degradation temperatures of keratin. The optimization of processing parameters, such as moisture content, temperature, pressure, and holding time, was conducted with the aim of improving the mechanical properties of the resulting materials. Alternative thermocompression processes implementing different heating and cooling techniques were also tested and compared. The most important process parameter was the efficient cooling step to keep the material under pressure along the entire temperature cycle. The material obtained through this process exhibited remarkable strength, stiffness, water resistance, and thermal stability, making it a potential substitute for synthetic thermoplastic polymers and currently available biobased materials (i.e., poly(lactic acid), cellulose acetate). The study opens new avenues for further research on other sources of scleroproteins and process optimization, offering promising prospects for the development of biopolymer-based materials with superior properties.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (M. Jumeaux) 20 Nov 2023
https://hal.science/hal-04295501v1
-
[hal-04571290] Nutritional, Functional Properties and Applications of Mee (Madhuca longifolia) Seed Fat
Mee (Madhuca longifolia (Koenig) J.F. Macb. var. longifolia) is a salient economic tree spread throughout the subtropical region of the Indian subcontinent. Its seed constituents have distinctive chemical properties and thus extracted fat have distinctive nutritional and functional characteristics. This seed fat is edible and can Meet the fat requirements of a human diet in an economical way. Research on potential utilizations, understanding of the chemical composition, and nutritionally beneficial properties and industrial applications of Mee fat are important for efficient utilization. There are some reports available on potential applications of Mee fat in the food-processing industry. But, presently, it can only be considered as an underutilized seed fat. In India, Mee fat is used for edible purposes to a certain extent and similarly in Sri Lanka. Therefore, more scientific research should be conducted on Sri Lankan Mee varieties for edible purposes. Popularization of this valuable fat source is important. Scientific knowledge and agricultural tools have been effectively applied to make Mee fat beneficial for commercial applications. This review article summarizes recent research and studies available on botany, phytochemistry, functional properties, processing as well as food and other industrial applications of Mee fat.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Asanthi Hippola) 07 May 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04571290v1
-
[hal-04198392] Genetic Diversity as a Key to Understanding Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Othmane Merah) 08 Sep 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04198392v1
-
[hal-04295606] Phenotypic Characterisation and Molecular Identification of Potentially Probiotic Lactobacillus sp. Isolated from Fermented Rice
Fermented rice is known as a healthy food due to the presence of lactic acid bacteria. The study was carried out to identify and characterise the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from white and red fermented rice Bg (Bathalagoda) varieties. Fermentation was carried out naturally by soaking red, white, raw, and cooked rice in sterile distilled water (1:3) overnight at 27 °C in an earthen pot. Potentially probiotic bacterial were isolated and the species of the isolated lactic acid bacteria were confirmed based on 16S rDNA gene sequencing and were studied for phenotypic characteristics, including morphological, physiological (growth temperature, salt tolerance, milk coagulation), and biochemical (carbohydrate fermentation pattern) characteristics, using API 50CH kits. Distinct clusters of cocci (48), diplococci (30), and rod-shaped bacteria (30) were observed in fermented rice. Five species of lactic acid bacteria were identified, including Latilactobacillus curvatus GRLb1, 2, 10, and 11 (the predominant Bacillus species); Latilactobacillus graminis GRLb 8; Limosilactobacillus fermentum GRLb17; Weissella confuse GRLb4; and Pediococcus pentosaceus GRLc1. The base pair length of amplified DNA for the isolates was 1500 Bp. Most of the isolates were able to grow at temperatures ranging from 10 °C to 45 °C, tolerate up to 6.5% salt, and coagulate milk with homofermentative characteristics. The beneficial physiological and biochemical properties of isolated Lactobacillus species from fermented rice revealed their potential applications in the food industry. The similar species of bacteria that were isolated from different sources show their probiotic characteristics. Further studies are recommended to confirm their probiotic properties and health benefits.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Nimalan Jeyagowri) 20 Nov 2023
https://hal.science/hal-04295606v1
-
[hal-04164455] Cell destruction level and metabolites green-extraction of Tetraselmis suecica by low and intermediate frequency ultrasound
Low (20 kHz) and intermediate (100 kHz) frequency ultrasound (US) were studied for their efficiency on cell destruction and metabolites extraction of the microalga T. suecica. This study revealed different levels of cell destruction. Firstly, the prolonged irradiation of US at low frequency allowed the extraction of 90% of total proteins and 70% of carbohydrates by rapidly inducing at high power (100 W or 200 W) a coiling up phenomenon of the cell walls on themselves. A low power (50 W) over short times allows extracting proteins by the perforation of the cells without destroying them, opening the perspective of milking. Furthermore, the use of 100 kHz frequency, showed lower yields of metabolites as well as a low level of cell destruction, resulting in a simple deflation of the cells.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pauline Delran) 18 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04164455v1
-
[hal-04174212] Role of colloids in the transfer and dispersion of trace elements into river waters through a former mining district
Characterizing the different chemical forms of trace elements in surface inland waters of mining regions is very important to understand the mechanisms underlying metal(loid) transport, their accumulation and toxicity, especially when waste storage areas are closely linked to the hydrographic network. This study focuses on the oldmining district of Salsigne in the Orbiel Valley (France), which was at one time the largest gold mine in Europe and the world’s largest arsenic mine. Our objective was to better understand the factors governing the transport of As and to investigate the role of colloidal matter as vector of major (Al, Ca, Fe, Mg) and trace (As, Pb, REE) elements in waters. A field sampling campaign was carried out during high water season to collect samples from the Orbiel River and its tributaries. In situ (ultra)filtrations at different cut-off thresholds (0.22 μm, 0.025 μm, 100 kDa and 3 kDa) were performed and physicochemical parameters (conductivity, pH, alkalinity, Dissolved Organic Carbon: DOC, anions, major cations, and metal(loid)s concentrations) of river water were assessed in all fractions. Results showed decreasing concentrations of DOC, Fe, Al and REE in the conventionally dissolved fraction (< 0.22 μm) from upstream to downstream. Arsenic concentration increased from upstream to downstream, especially at the exit of the old mining zone, and was mainly present in the truly dissolved fraction. However, arsenic in the colloid fraction was about 40% upstream and showed a clear decrease when going downstream. Upstream, Fe and Al were mostly present in the colloidal fraction (around 90%, but decreased to 30% downstream for Al). REE patterns suggested that colloidal organic matter played a significant role in metal transport. This was also inferred from the greater enrichment in middle REE as compared to light and heavy REE; this difference in enrichment progressively disappeared with decreasing cut-off filter size. The concentration variations along the length of the river were found to be a combined effect of the changes in lithology and input of contaminants from storage areas or alluvial table.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marie Heydon) 31 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04174212v1
-
[hal-04295420] Exogenous Selenium Improves Physio-Biochemical and Performance of Drought-Stressed Phaseolus vulgaris Seeded in Saline Soil
Water and salt stresses are among the most important global problems that limit the growth and production of several crops. The current study aims at the possibility of mitigating the effect of deficit irrigation of common bean plants growing in saline lands by foliar spraying with selenium via the assessment of growth, productivity, physiological, and biochemical measurements. In our study, two field-based trials were conducted in 2017 and 2018 to examine the influence of three selenium (Se) concentrations (0 (Se 0), 25 (Se 25), and 50 mg L −1 (Se 50)) on common bean plants grown under full irrigation (I 100 = 100% of the crop evapotranspiration; ETc) and deficit irrigation (I 80 = 80% of ETc, and I 60 = 60% of ETc). Bean plants exposed to water stress led to a notable reduction in growth, yield, water productivity (WP), water status, SPAD value, and chlorophyll a fluorescence features (Fv/Fm and PI). However, foliar spraying of selenium at 25 or 50 mg L −1 on stressed bean plants attenuated the harmful effects of water stress. The findings suggest that foliage application of 25 or 50 mg L −1 selenium to common bean plants grown under I 80 resulted in a higher membrane stability index, relative water content, SPAD chlorophyll index, and better efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm, and PI). Water deficit at 20% increased the WP by 17%; however, supplementation of 25 or 50 mg L −1 selenium mediated further increases in WP up to 26%. Exogenous application of selenium (25 mg L −1 or 50 mg L −1) to water-stressed bean plants elevated the plant defense system component, given that it increased the free proline, ascorbic acid, and glutathione levels, as well as antioxidant enzymes (SOD, APX, GPX, and CAT). It was concluded that the application of higher levels (25 or/and 50 mg L −1) of Se improves plant water status as well as the growth and yield of common beans cultivated in saline soil.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Wael M Semida) 20 Nov 2023
https://hal.science/hal-04295420v1
-
[hal-04057966] The recovery of aerosol-sized microplastics in highly refractory vegetal matrices for identification by automated Raman microspectroscopy
Ombrotrophic peatlands are fed uniquely by atmospheric inputs and therefore have much potential as temporal archives of atmospheric microplastic (MP) deposition, yet the recovery and detection of MP within an almost purely organic matrix is challenging. This study presents a novel peat digestion protocol using sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) as a reagent for biogenic matrix removal. NaClO is more efficient than hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). By using purged air-assisted digestion, NaClO (50 vol%) reached 99% matrix digestion compared with 28% and 75% by H2O2 (30 vol%) and Fenton's reagent, respectively. At a concentration of 50 vol% NaClO did however chemically disintegrate small amounts (<10 mass %) of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyamide (PA) fragments in the millimeter size range. Observation of PA6 in natural peat samples, while not found in the procedural blanks, questions whether PA is fully disintegrated by NaClO. The protocol was applied to three commercial sphagnum moss test samples, in which MP particles in the range of 0.8-65.4 μm were detected by Raman microspectroscopy. The MP mass% was determined at 0.012% corresponding to 129 thousand MP particles/g, of which 62% were smaller than 5 μm and 80% were smaller than 10 μm, yet were accountable for only 0.4% (500 ng) and 3.2% (4 μg) of the total mass of MP, respectively. These findings underline the importance of the identification of particles Ø < 5 μm when investigating atmospheric MP deposition. The MP counts were corrected for MP recovery loss and procedural blank contamination. MP spike recovery following the full protocol was estimated at 60%. The protocol offers an efficient way of isolating and pre-concentrating most aerosol sized MPs in large quantities of refractory vegetal matrices and enables the automated μRaman scanning of thousands of particles at a spatial resolution on the order of 1 μm.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Oskar Hagelskjær) 04 Apr 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04057966v1
-
[hal-04169356] Recent Developments in Edible Films and Coatings for Fruits and Vegetables
As a novel post-harvesting strategy, edible films and coatings for fruits and vegetables offer preservation measures to meet the growing needs of hunger and agricultural management. The functionality of edible films and coatings is distinctly the same. However, edible films and coatings differ in their processing and physicomechanical characteristics as they are designed to improve the shelf life, barrier, and nutritional properties of the food. With emerging concerns about sustainability, biomacromolecules have been widely considered in preparing edible films and coatings, which are Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) substances. Biopolymers, including polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids, are the main sources of preparing edible films and coatings. These biomacromolecules make stable colloidal dispersions that deliver processing convenience with various formulation, blending, casting, coating, and film-forming methods. Edible films and coating from biopolymers require improvements for their extended performance due to several structural and barrier limitations. Therefore, preparing blends and composites, incorporating target molecules to introduce different functionalities, and designing complex multilayers are among the many recent research approaches developed to overcome those limitations. These recent research approaches ensure enhanced food preservation and extended shelf life, essential requirements of food waste management, with or without minimal influence on the texture, flavor, and nutritional value of food and vegetables. This review focuses on the recent developments in edible films and coatings for fruits and vegetables. Furthermore, this review includes characteristics and functionalities, processing, structural and chemical significance, different sources and their performances, health effects, and recent trends related to edible films and coatings.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Anuradhi Liyanapathiranage) 24 Jul 2023
https://hal.science/hal-04169356v1
-
[hal-04164779] Role of Polyphenols from the Aqueous Extract of Aloysia citrodora in the Inhibition of Aflatoxin B1 Synthesis in Aspergillus flavus
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin considered a potent carcinogen for humans that contaminates a wide range of crops. Various strategies have been established to reduce or block the synthesis of AFB1 in food and feed. The use of aqueous extracts derived from plants with high antioxidant activity has been a subject of study in recent years due to their efficacy in inhibiting AFB1. In this study, we assessed the effect of Aloysia citrodora aqueous extract on Aspergillus flavus growth and on AFB1 production. A bio-guided fractionation followed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Mass spectrometry analysis of the active fraction were applied to identify the candidate molecules responsible for the dose-effect inhibition of AFB1 synthesis. Our results revealed that polyphenols are the molecules implicated in AFB1 inhibition, achieving almost a total inhibition of the toxin production (99%). We identified luteolin-7-diglucuronide as one of the main constituents in A. citrodora extract, and demonstrated that it is able to inhibit, by itself, AFB1 production by 57%. This is the first study demonstrating the anti-Aflatoxin B1 effect of this molecule, while other polyphenols surely intervene in A. citrodora anti-AFB1 activity.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Laura Cadenillas) 18 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04164779v1
-
[hal-04148843] Effect of Streptomyces roseolus Cell-Free Supernatants on the Fungal Development, Transcriptome, and Aflatoxin B1 Production of Aspergillus flavus
Crop contamination by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), an Aspergillus-flavus-produced toxin, is frequently observed in tropical and subtropical regions. This phenomenon is emerging in Europe, most likely as a result of climate change. Alternative methods, such as biocontrol agents (BCAs), are currently being developed to reduce the use of chemicals in the prevention of mycotoxin contamination. Actinobacteria are known to produce many bioactive compounds, and some of them can reduce in vitro AFB1 concentration. In this context, the present study aims to analyze the effect of a cell-free supernatant (CFS) from Streptomyces roseolus culture on the development of A. flavus, as well as on its transcriptome profile using microarray assay and its impact on AFB1 concentration. Results demonstrated that in vitro, the S. roseolus CFS reduced the dry weight and conidiation of A. flavus from 77% and 43%, respectively, and was therefore associated with a reduction in AFB1 concentration reduction to levels under the limit of quantification. The transcriptomic data analysis revealed that 5198 genes were differentially expressed in response to the CFS exposure and among them 5169 were downregulated including most of the genes involved in biosynthetic gene clusters. The aflatoxins’ gene cluster was the most downregulated. Other gene clusters, such as the aspergillic acid, aspirochlorine, and ustiloxin B gene clusters, were also downregulated and associated with a variation in their concentration, confirmed by LC-HRMS.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Louise Maud) 03 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04148843v1
-
[hal-04104663] Green solid-liquid extraction of cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) cladode dietary fibers. I- optimization, pilot-scale production, and characterization
In this research work, an optimization of an environment friendly extraction method of cactus (Opuntia ficus indica) cladode dietary fibers was conducted. For this purpose, a central composite experimental design with two factors (temperature and time) and five levels was established. The basic objective of this optimization was to maximize fiber yield using hot water as an extraction eco-solvent. The optimum extraction time (330 min) and temperature (100 degrees C) were determined with a constant medium agitation rate. Additionally, this study also aimed at establishing the validation of the statistical model to carry out the extrapolation of the extraction process at the pilot scale. The fibers extracted at the pilot scale showed yields (45.2 +/- 0.01%) in agreement with those obtained through the optimization and validation lab-scale steps (44.97 +/- 0.02). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were conducted to investigate the structure and microstructure of pilot scale-produced fibers. FTIR spectrum and XRD pattern were typical to lignocellulosic fibers results. Sharp and thin peaks characteristic of cellulose were detected. Pure and crystallized phases were recorded with a 45% crystallinity index. SEM analysis presented elongated and organized cells with a uniform structure comparable to cellulosic fibers microstructure.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marwa Cheikh Rouhou) 24 May 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04104663v1
-
[hal-04105076] Special Issue “Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Natural Compounds”
Throughout history, humans have utilized plants as conscious or unconscious sources of molecules for food, health and well-being [...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Othmane Merah) 24 May 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04105076v1
-
[hal-04169347] Twin-Screw Extrusion Mechanical Pretreatment for Enhancing Biomethane Production from Agro-Industrial, Agricultural and Catch Crop Biomasses
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mechanical treatment through twin-screw extrusion for the enhancement of biomethane production. Four lignocellulosic biomasses (i.e., sweetcorn by-products, whole triticale, corn stover and wheat straw) were evaluated, and two different shear stress screw profiles were tested. Chemical composition, particle size reduction, tapped density and cellulose crystallinity were assessed to show the effect of extrusion pretreatment on substrate physico-chemical properties and their biochemical methane production (BMP) capacities. Both mechanical pretreatments allowed an increase in the proportion of particles with a diameter size less than 1 mm (from 3.7% to 72.7%). The most restrictive profile also allowed a significant solubilization of water soluble coumpounds, from 5.5% to 13%. This high-shear extrusion also revealed a reduction in cellulose crystallinity for corn stover (i.e., 8.6% reduction). Sweetcorn by-products revealed the highest BMP values (338–345 NmL/gVS), followed by corn stover (264–286 NmL/gVS), wheat straw (247–270 NmL/gVS) and whole triticale (233–247 NmL/gVS). However, no statistical improvement in maximal BMP production was provided by twin-screw extrusion. Nevertheless, BMP kinetic analysis proved that both extrusion pretreatments were able to increase the specific rate constant (from 13% to 56% for soft extrusion and from 66% to 107% for the high-shear one).
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Arthur Chevalier) 24 Jul 2023
https://hal.science/hal-04169347v1
-
[hal-04066648] Towards fossil-carbon free buildings: Production and environmental performance of innovative sound absorbing panels made from sunflower straw
Sunflower is grown almost exclusively for the production of vegetable oil from its seeds. Sunflower stalks (or straw) are typically left on the field and have no market value. The pith from the stalks has been found to have insulation properties (both thermal and acoustic), and hence could play a role in the transition towards a low fossil-carbon economy. The goal of this study was to (i) produce sunflower straw-based panels and (ii) characterize their sound properties in order to (iii) assess their environmental performance by Life Cycle Assessement (LCA). Biobased sound absorption panels were produced from sunflower pith, using starch and chitosan as binding agents. By measuring the sound absorption coefficient in a Kundt's tube, the amount of panel required to provide a service of 1 m2 Sabin was estimated. Through a cradle-to-grave consequential LCA, the environmental performance of these panels was quantified and compared to a reference situation where straw is left unharvested, while sound absorption is supplied by conventional melamine foam. The end of life of the panels considers the crushing of the panels and their transportation and application back to the field; the analysis does include an assessment of the resulting changes induced on soil carbon dynamics. Sunflower pith panels proved to be more efficient than conventional melamine foam in terms of sound-absorption at low frequency ranges; the measured sound-absorption coefficients were almost 10 times higher. Harvesting and chitosan production were shown as hotspots undermining the environmental performance of sunflower pith panels. The LCA further revealed that pith panels production and use allows a better environmental performance than the reference situation for 6 out of the 9 environmental categories assessed, providing starch is used as a binding agent, and providing that harvesting technologies limiting the diesel consumption to maximum 30 L ha−1 are used to collect the stalks.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alejandra Gomez-Campos) 12 Apr 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04066648v1
-
[hal-04157697] Optimizing Alternative Substrate for Tomato Production in Arid Zone: Lesson from Growth, Water Relations, Chlorophyll Fluorescence, and Photosynthesis
Soilless culture is considered the mostpromising, intensive, and sustainable approach with various advantages for plant production in terms of saving water and nutrients. It can provide consumers with sufficient and high-quality food. However, the commonly used growing substrate for soilless cultivation, coconut fiber (CF), is usually imported and expensive or even unavailable. The objectives of this study were to investigate the impact of local organic farm resources substrates on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plant growth, water relations, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and phytochemical analysis of fruits in a hydroponics culture system. Two growth substrates were evaluated: date-palm waste composted with animal manure (7:3 w/w) (DPAM) and date-palm trunk compost (DPT). CF and local soil were utilized as positive and negative controls, respectively, in randomized blocks. The results revealed that DPAM substrate enhanced plant growth and physiology: shoot development, leaves tissues hydration, and photosynthetic parameters, as well as chlorophyll fluorescence. However, DPT and CF improved fruit quality: water, mineral, sugar, and protein content. The antioxidant activity of the fruit extract was the greater in DPAM, reaching 13.8 mg GAEg−1 DW. This value wasdecreased in soil by 40%. Photosynthesis activity was the most important in DPAM with 12 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1, and only 6.4 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1 in the soil condition. However, regarding the non-photochemical quenching, the dissipated light energy was greater in soil (0.096 ± 0.02) than in DPAM (0.025 ± 0.04). Date-palm waste-based substrates improved tomato vegetative growth and fruit quality as compared to soil-based culture. Date-palm waste-based substrates supplemented with manure appear to be promising and less expensive alternatives to the coconut fiber substrate extensively used in soilless crops in North Africa.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Samir Aydi) 10 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04157697v1
-
[hal-03912927] Assessment of structures in phosphocaseinate dispersions by A4F, NMR and SAXS: The impact of demineralization and heat treatment on viscosity
The present work aims to better understand the relation between heat treatment (Ultra High Temperature - UHT), partial demineralization of casein micelles (CMs) dispersions and their corresponded rheological properties. A multiscale analysis (SAXS, solid state NMR and Asymmetrical Flow Field Flow Fractionation (A4F)), has been used. Different samples with different levels of calcium/phosphorous demineralization (up to −30% of calcium content) have been studied before and after UHT treatment. The present data show that CM dispersions, displaying a mild demineralization, display an important decrease in viscosity after UHT. NMR shows that, during UHT, mild demineralized samples display stronger calcium/phosphorus intake than both, the non-demineralized and the strong demineralized ones. SAXS and A4F show that UHT-dependent calcium intake, in mild demineralization dispersions, seems to be responsible for a transformation of large casein aggregates into small and denser ones. This decrease of the large aggregates is probably the main reason of the UHT-dependent decrease in viscosity. These data show that a sample with a rather small amount of demineralization can have a quite important susceptibility to UHT in terms of viscosity.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Márcio Nogueira) 26 Dec 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03912927v1
